Association between maternal lifestyle and preschool nutrition.

INTRODUCTION:: Many of the health behaviors involved in the emergence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are originated in childhood under parental influence. Mothers are the ones most involved in the education and health care of children. Lifestyle (LS) is a social determinant of health. Very few studies tried to understand the influence of maternal LS on child nutrition. OBJECTIVE:: To verify the association between maternal behavioral and non-behavioral LS and nutritional aspects in preschool children. METHOD:: From January 2010 to December 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study with 255 mothers of preschool children who were residents of five different sub-districts in southwestern São Paulo. A proportional stratified random sample was selected using two layers ("schools" and "children"). From the mother, sociodemographic and LS information were collected. From the child, data on anthropometry, sedentary behavior and food intake were collected. The association was calculated using chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS:: Children who ate minimally processed food were born from mothers with more socially aware non-behavioral LS, while children that ate more processed food were born from mothers with more consumerist non-behavioral LS. No association was found between nutritional characteristics of preschoolers and types of maternal behavioral LS. Children presenting "sedentary behavior" and the habit of eating "ultra-processed foods" had 113% and 84% higher chances, respectively, of being born to mothers that belonged to the "consumerist" cluster. CONCLUSION:: Mothers living a consumerist lifestyle can promote negative influences on child nutrition.

Association between maternal lifestyle and preschool nutrition / Associação do estilo de vida materno com a nutrição de pré-escolares

Summary Introduction: Many of the health behaviors involved in the emergence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are originated in childhood under parental influence. Mothers are the ones most involved in the education and health care of children. Lifestyle (LS) is a social determinant of health. Very few studies tried to understand the influence of maternal LS on child nutrition. Objective: To verify the association between maternal behavioral and non-behavioral LS and nutritional aspects in preschool children. Method: From January 2010 to December 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study with 255 mothers of preschool children who were residents of five different sub-districts in southwestern São Paulo. A proportional stratified random sample was selected using two layers (“schools” and “children”). From the mother, sociodemographic and LS information were collected. From the child, data on anthropometry, sedentary behavior and food intake were collected. The association was calculated using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Children who ate minimally processed food were born from mothers with more socially aware non-behavioral LS, while children that ate more processed food were born from mothers with more consumerist non-behavioral LS. No association was found between nutritional characteristics of preschoolers and types of maternal behavioral LS. Children presenting “sedentary behavior” and the habit of eating “ultra-processed foods” had 113% and 84% higher chances, respectively, of being born to mothers that belonged to the “consumerist” cluster. Conclusion: Mothers living a consumerist lifestyle can promote negative influences on child nutrition.

Resumo Introdução: muitos dos comportamentos de saúde envolvidos no aparecimento das doenças crônicas não comunicáveis são originados na infância sob influência dos pais. A mãe é a pessoa mais envolvida na educação e nos cuidados de saúde da criança. O estilo de vida (EdV) é um determinante social da saúde. Poucos estudos compreenderam a influência do EdV materno na nutrição infantil. Objetivo: verificar a associação do EdV materno comportamental e não comportamental com aspectos nutricionais do pré-escolar. Método: entre janeiro e dezembro de 2010, realizou-se um estudo transversal com 255 pares de mães-pré-escolares moradoras de cinco subdistritos da região sudoeste, do município de São Paulo. Selecionou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória estratificada proporcional, com dois estratos (“escola” e “criança”). Da mãe, foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas e de EdV. Da criança, foram coletadas informações antropométricas, de comportamento sedentário e consumo alimentar. As associações foram calculadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e por regressão logística. Resultados: as crianças com alimentação “minimamente processada” eram filhas de mães com EdV não comportamental mais “socioconsciente”, enquanto as crianças com alimentação “ultraprocessada” eram filhas de mães com EdV não comportamental mais do tipo “consumista”. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre as características nutricionais do pré-escolar e os tipos de EdV materno comportamental. As crianças com “comportamento sedentário presente” e alimentação “ultraprocessada” tiveram chances 113 e 84% maiores, respectivamente, de serem filhas de mães pertencentes ao cluster “consumista”. Conclusão: mães com EdV do tipo “consumista” podem proporcionar influências negativas na nutrição infantil.

Mother's lifestyle: development of a questionnaire to assess a determinant of children's health. A cross-sectional study / Estilo de vida materno: desenvolvimento de um questionário para avaliar um determinante da saúde da criança. Um estudo transversal

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle includes the personal attitudes or behavioral patterns that result in risks or benefits to the individual's own health or that of others. Children's health is particularly determined by their mother's lifestyle. The objective here was to develop and evaluate the reliability of a questionnaire capable of describing the lifestyles of preschoolers' mothers in terms of their activities, interests, opinions and values. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public university. METHODS: This study was conducted between January 2010 and March 2011, among 255 mothers of preschoolers living in the southeastern region of the municipality of São Paulo. A proportional stratified random probabilistic sample with two strata was selected: schools were drawn and then the children. Three instruments found in the literature were used to create the lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in eight stages: preliminary pretest, cultural adaptation, second pretest, pilot study, semantic correction and adaptation, third pretest, final research and final retest. Cronbach's alpha and pairwise correlation coefficients were used. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value in the final version was 0.83 and the pre and post-test pairwise correlation coefficients were greater than 0.5. Factor analysis identified five factors that explained 73.51% of the correlation variance. As a result, seven variables were eliminated from the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire described five lifestyle domains, with good reliability, and can be used in combination with preschoolers' health and nutritional outcomes.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estilo de vida compreende as atitudes pessoais ou padrões de comportamento que trazem riscos ou benefícios para a própria saúde ou de outros. A saúde das crianças é principalmente determinada pelo estilo de vida da mãe. O objetivo foi desenvolver e avaliar a confiabilidade de um questionário capaz de descrever o estilo de vida de mães de pré-escolares em termos de atividades, interesses, opiniões e valores. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal conduzido em uma universidade pública. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado entre janeiro de 2010 e março de 2011 com 255 mães de pré-escolares residentes na Região Sudoeste do Município de São Paulo. Selecionou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória estratificada proporcional com dois estratos, sendo sorteadas as escolas e depois as crianças. Três instrumentos foram encontrados na literatura e utilizados para compor o questionário de estilo de vida. O desenvolvimento do questionário cumpriu oito etapas: pré-teste preliminar, adaptação cultural, segundo pré-teste, estudo piloto, correção e adaptação semântica, terceiro pré-teste, pesquisa final e reteste. Foram utilizados o alfa de Cronbach e coeficiente de correlação pairwise. RESULTADOS: O valor do alfa de Cronbach na versão final foi de 0,83 e o coeficiente de correlação pairwise pré e pós-teste foram maiores que 0,5. A análise fatorial identificou cinco fatores, os quais explicaram 73,51% da variância de correlação. Como resultado, sete variáveis foram eliminadas do questionário. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário descreveu cinco domínios de estilo de vida, com boa confiabilidade, e pode ser utilizado em associações com aspectos nutricionais e de saúde de pré-escolares.

Mother's lifestyle: development of a questionnaire to assess a determinant of children's health. A cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle includes the personal attitudes or behavioral patterns that result in risks or benefits to the individual's own health or that of others. Children's health is particularly determined by their mother's lifestyle. The objective here was to develop and evaluate the reliability of a questionnaire capable of describing the lifestyles of preschoolers' mothers in terms of their activities, interests, opinions and values. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public university. METHODS: This study was conducted between January 2010 and March 2011, among 255 mothers of preschoolers living in the southeastern region of the municipality of São Paulo. A proportional stratified random probabilistic sample with two strata was selected: schools were drawn and then the children. Three instruments found in the literature were used to create the lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in eight stages: preliminary pretest, cultural adaptation, second pretest, pilot study, semantic correction and adaptation, third pretest, final research and final retest. Cronbach's alpha and pairwise correlation coefficients were used. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value in the final version was 0.83 and the pre and post-test pairwise correlation coefficients were greater than 0.5. Factor analysis identified five factors that explained 73.51% of the correlation variance. As a result, seven variables were eliminated from the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire described five lifestyle domains, with good reliability, and can be used in combination with preschoolers' health and nutritional outcomes.

Aleitamento materno e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor: uma revisão da literatura / Breastfeeding and neurodevelopment: a review of literature

Introdução: O aleitamento materno previnemortes na infância, promove o desenvolvimentoda saúde física, mental e psíquica da criança e temefeitos a curto e longo prazo. Dentre estes, está odesenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Objetivo:Revisar os efeitos do aleitamento materno sobreo desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor da criança.Método: Foi feita uma revisão da literatura pelaconsulta aos sites SciELO e PubMed à procura deartigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos, além debusca no Google Acadêmico por artigos citadospelas referências consultadas. Síntese dos dados:Aleitamento materno e desenvolvimento neurológico- os artigos consultados relatam a existênciade confundidores não controlados que podemfavorecer o desenvolvimento neurológico. Apesardisso, alguns citam que os nutrientes do leitematerno complementam a ação um do outro e sãocapazes de beneficiar o desenvolvimento neurológico.O mais especulado é o ácido graxo de cadeialonga, por maturar as funções corticais do cérebro.Aleitamento materno e desenvolvimento cognitivopermanece assunto incerto, pois os resultados deestudos não são consistentes, devido aos efeitos dosconstituintes do leite materno e a interação físicae social da amamentação. Este é consequente deum bom desenvolvimento neurológico. Outrosnutrientes que favorecem o desenvolvimentomotor são as proteínas do leite materno, cálcio emagnésio, oligossacarídeos e lipídeos. Conclusão:Os constituintes do leite materno favorecem obom desenvolvimento neurológico e, consequentemente,o motor. Dados são inconclusivos quantoao desenvolvimento cognitivo.

Introduction: Breast-feeding prevents childhooddeaths promotes the development of physical,mental and emotional child and has a short and longterm. Among these is the psychomotor development.Objective: To review the effects of breastfeedingon the neurodevelopment of the child. Methods: Areview of the literature by consulting the websitesand SciELO PubMed looking for articles publishedin the last 20 years, and search on Google Scholarfor articles cited by the publications reviewed. Datasynthesis: Breastfeeding and neurological development- the source articles reporting the existenceof uncontrolled confounding factors that can lead toneurological development. However, some report thatthe nutrients in breast milk complement the actionof each other and are able to benefit from neurologicaldevelopment. The most speculation is the fattyacid long chain of the mature cortical functions ofthe brain. Breastfeeding and cognitive development- the subject remains unclear because the resultsof studies are not consistent due to the effects of theconstituents of breast milk and social and physicalinteraction of breastfeeding. This is the consequenceof a good neurological development. Other nutrientsthat promote motor development are the proteins ofmilk, calcium and magnesium, oligosaccharides andlipids. Conclusion: The constituents of breast milkpromote the proper neurological development andtherefore the engine. Data are inconclusive as to thecognitive development.